url/

host.rs

// Copyright 2013-2016 The rust-url developers.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.

use crate::net::{Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr};
use alloc::borrow::Cow;
use alloc::borrow::ToOwned;
use alloc::string::String;
use alloc::vec::Vec;
use core::cmp;
use core::fmt::{self, Formatter};

use percent_encoding::{percent_decode, utf8_percent_encode, CONTROLS};
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

use crate::parser::{ParseError, ParseResult};

#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Deserialize, Serialize))]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub(crate) enum HostInternal {
    None,
    Domain,
    Ipv4(Ipv4Addr),
    Ipv6(Ipv6Addr),
}

impl From<Host<Cow<'_, str>>> for HostInternal {
    fn from(host: Host<Cow<'_, str>>) -> Self {
        match host {
            Host::Domain(ref s) if s.is_empty() => Self::None,
            Host::Domain(_) => Self::Domain,
            Host::Ipv4(address) => Self::Ipv4(address),
            Host::Ipv6(address) => Self::Ipv6(address),
        }
    }
}

/// The host name of an URL.
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Deserialize, Serialize))]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
pub enum Host<S = String> {
    /// A DNS domain name, as '.' dot-separated labels.
    /// Non-ASCII labels are encoded in punycode per IDNA if this is the host of
    /// a special URL, or percent encoded for non-special URLs. Hosts for
    /// non-special URLs are also called opaque hosts.
    Domain(S),

    /// An IPv4 address.
    /// `Url::host_str` returns the serialization of this address,
    /// as four decimal integers separated by `.` dots.
    Ipv4(Ipv4Addr),

    /// An IPv6 address.
    /// `Url::host_str` returns the serialization of that address between `[` and `]` brackets,
    /// in the format per [RFC 5952 *A Recommendation
    /// for IPv6 Address Text Representation*](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5952):
    /// lowercase hexadecimal with maximal `::` compression.
    Ipv6(Ipv6Addr),
}

impl Host<&str> {
    /// Return a copy of `self` that owns an allocated `String` but does not borrow an `&Url`.
    pub fn to_owned(&self) -> Host<String> {
        match *self {
            Host::Domain(domain) => Host::Domain(domain.to_owned()),
            Host::Ipv4(address) => Host::Ipv4(address),
            Host::Ipv6(address) => Host::Ipv6(address),
        }
    }
}

impl Host<String> {
    /// Parse a host: either an IPv6 address in [] square brackets, or a domain.
    ///
    /// <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#host-parsing>
    pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
        Host::<Cow<str>>::parse_cow(input.into()).map(|i| i.into_owned())
    }

    /// <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-opaque-host-parser>
    pub fn parse_opaque(input: &str) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
        Host::<Cow<str>>::parse_opaque_cow(input.into()).map(|i| i.into_owned())
    }
}

impl<'a> Host<Cow<'a, str>> {
    pub(crate) fn parse_cow(input: Cow<'a, str>) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
        if input.starts_with('[') {
            if !input.ends_with(']') {
                return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
            }
            return parse_ipv6addr(&input[1..input.len() - 1]).map(Host::Ipv6);
        }
        let domain: Cow<'_, [u8]> = percent_decode(input.as_bytes()).into();
        let domain: Cow<'a, [u8]> = match domain {
            Cow::Owned(v) => Cow::Owned(v),
            // if borrowed then we can use the original cow
            Cow::Borrowed(_) => match input {
                Cow::Borrowed(input) => Cow::Borrowed(input.as_bytes()),
                Cow::Owned(input) => Cow::Owned(input.into_bytes()),
            },
        };

        let domain = idna::domain_to_ascii_from_cow(domain, idna::AsciiDenyList::URL)?;

        if domain.is_empty() {
            return Err(ParseError::EmptyHost);
        }

        if ends_in_a_number(&domain) {
            let address = parse_ipv4addr(&domain)?;
            Ok(Host::Ipv4(address))
        } else {
            Ok(Host::Domain(domain))
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn parse_opaque_cow(input: Cow<'a, str>) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
        if input.starts_with('[') {
            if !input.ends_with(']') {
                return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
            }
            return parse_ipv6addr(&input[1..input.len() - 1]).map(Host::Ipv6);
        }

        let is_invalid_host_char = |c| {
            matches!(
                c,
                '\0' | '\t'
                    | '\n'
                    | '\r'
                    | ' '
                    | '#'
                    | '/'
                    | ':'
                    | '<'
                    | '>'
                    | '?'
                    | '@'
                    | '['
                    | '\\'
                    | ']'
                    | '^'
                    | '|'
            )
        };

        if input.find(is_invalid_host_char).is_some() {
            Err(ParseError::InvalidDomainCharacter)
        } else {
            Ok(Host::Domain(
                match utf8_percent_encode(&input, CONTROLS).into() {
                    Cow::Owned(v) => Cow::Owned(v),
                    // if we're borrowing, then we can return the original Cow
                    Cow::Borrowed(_) => input,
                },
            ))
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn into_owned(self) -> Host<String> {
        match self {
            Host::Domain(s) => Host::Domain(s.into_owned()),
            Host::Ipv4(ip) => Host::Ipv4(ip),
            Host::Ipv6(ip) => Host::Ipv6(ip),
        }
    }
}

impl<S: AsRef<str>> fmt::Display for Host<S> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match *self {
            Self::Domain(ref domain) => domain.as_ref().fmt(f),
            Self::Ipv4(ref addr) => addr.fmt(f),
            Self::Ipv6(ref addr) => {
                f.write_str("[")?;
                write_ipv6(addr, f)?;
                f.write_str("]")
            }
        }
    }
}

impl<S, T> PartialEq<Host<T>> for Host<S>
where
    S: PartialEq<T>,
{
    fn eq(&self, other: &Host<T>) -> bool {
        match (self, other) {
            (Self::Domain(a), Host::Domain(b)) => a == b,
            (Self::Ipv4(a), Host::Ipv4(b)) => a == b,
            (Self::Ipv6(a), Host::Ipv6(b)) => a == b,
            (_, _) => false,
        }
    }
}

fn write_ipv6(addr: &Ipv6Addr, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
    let segments = addr.segments();
    let (compress_start, compress_end) = longest_zero_sequence(&segments);
    let mut i = 0;
    while i < 8 {
        if i == compress_start {
            f.write_str(":")?;
            if i == 0 {
                f.write_str(":")?;
            }
            if compress_end < 8 {
                i = compress_end;
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
        write!(f, "{:x}", segments[i as usize])?;
        if i < 7 {
            f.write_str(":")?;
        }
        i += 1;
    }
    Ok(())
}

// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-ipv6-serializer step 2 and 3
fn longest_zero_sequence(pieces: &[u16; 8]) -> (isize, isize) {
    let mut longest = -1;
    let mut longest_length = -1;
    let mut start = -1;
    macro_rules! finish_sequence(
        ($end: expr) => {
            if start >= 0 {
                let length = $end - start;
                if length > longest_length {
                    longest = start;
                    longest_length = length;
                }
            }
        };
    );
    for i in 0..8 {
        if pieces[i as usize] == 0 {
            if start < 0 {
                start = i;
            }
        } else {
            finish_sequence!(i);
            start = -1;
        }
    }
    finish_sequence!(8);
    // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-ipv6-serializer
    // step 3: ignore lone zeroes
    if longest_length < 2 {
        (-1, -2)
    } else {
        (longest, longest + longest_length)
    }
}

/// <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#ends-in-a-number-checker>
fn ends_in_a_number(input: &str) -> bool {
    let mut parts = input.rsplit('.');
    let last = parts.next().unwrap();
    let last = if last.is_empty() {
        if let Some(last) = parts.next() {
            last
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    } else {
        last
    };
    if !last.is_empty() && last.as_bytes().iter().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()) {
        return true;
    }

    parse_ipv4number(last).is_ok()
}

/// <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#ipv4-number-parser>
/// Ok(None) means the input is a valid number, but it overflows a `u32`.
fn parse_ipv4number(mut input: &str) -> Result<Option<u32>, ()> {
    if input.is_empty() {
        return Err(());
    }

    let mut r = 10;
    if input.starts_with("0x") || input.starts_with("0X") {
        input = &input[2..];
        r = 16;
    } else if input.len() >= 2 && input.starts_with('0') {
        input = &input[1..];
        r = 8;
    }

    if input.is_empty() {
        return Ok(Some(0));
    }

    let valid_number = match r {
        8 => input.as_bytes().iter().all(|c| (b'0'..=b'7').contains(c)),
        10 => input.as_bytes().iter().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()),
        16 => input.as_bytes().iter().all(|c| c.is_ascii_hexdigit()),
        _ => false,
    };
    if !valid_number {
        return Err(());
    }

    match u32::from_str_radix(input, r) {
        Ok(num) => Ok(Some(num)),
        Err(_) => Ok(None), // The only possible error kind here is an integer overflow.
                            // The validity of the chars in the input is checked above.
    }
}

/// <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-ipv4-parser>
fn parse_ipv4addr(input: &str) -> ParseResult<Ipv4Addr> {
    let mut parts: Vec<&str> = input.split('.').collect();
    if parts.last() == Some(&"") {
        parts.pop();
    }
    if parts.len() > 4 {
        return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv4Address);
    }
    let mut numbers: Vec<u32> = Vec::new();
    for part in parts {
        match parse_ipv4number(part) {
            Ok(Some(n)) => numbers.push(n),
            Ok(None) => return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv4Address), // u32 overflow
            Err(()) => return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv4Address),
        };
    }
    let mut ipv4 = numbers.pop().expect("a non-empty list of numbers");
    // Equivalent to: ipv4 >= 256 ** (4 − numbers.len())
    if ipv4 > u32::MAX >> (8 * numbers.len() as u32) {
        return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv4Address);
    }
    if numbers.iter().any(|x| *x > 255) {
        return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv4Address);
    }
    for (counter, n) in numbers.iter().enumerate() {
        ipv4 += n << (8 * (3 - counter as u32))
    }
    Ok(Ipv4Addr::from(ipv4))
}

/// <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-ipv6-parser>
fn parse_ipv6addr(input: &str) -> ParseResult<Ipv6Addr> {
    let input = input.as_bytes();
    let len = input.len();
    let mut is_ip_v4 = false;
    let mut pieces = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
    let mut piece_pointer = 0;
    let mut compress_pointer = None;
    let mut i = 0;

    if len < 2 {
        return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
    }

    if input[0] == b':' {
        if input[1] != b':' {
            return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
        }
        i = 2;
        piece_pointer = 1;
        compress_pointer = Some(1);
    }

    while i < len {
        if piece_pointer == 8 {
            return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
        }
        if input[i] == b':' {
            if compress_pointer.is_some() {
                return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
            }
            i += 1;
            piece_pointer += 1;
            compress_pointer = Some(piece_pointer);
            continue;
        }
        let start = i;
        let end = cmp::min(len, start + 4);
        let mut value = 0u16;
        while i < end {
            match (input[i] as char).to_digit(16) {
                Some(digit) => {
                    value = value * 0x10 + digit as u16;
                    i += 1;
                }
                None => break,
            }
        }
        if i < len {
            match input[i] {
                b'.' => {
                    if i == start {
                        return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
                    }
                    i = start;
                    if piece_pointer > 6 {
                        return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
                    }
                    is_ip_v4 = true;
                }
                b':' => {
                    i += 1;
                    if i == len {
                        return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
                    }
                }
                _ => return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address),
            }
        }
        if is_ip_v4 {
            break;
        }
        pieces[piece_pointer] = value;
        piece_pointer += 1;
    }

    if is_ip_v4 {
        if piece_pointer > 6 {
            return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
        }
        let mut numbers_seen = 0;
        while i < len {
            if numbers_seen > 0 {
                if numbers_seen < 4 && (i < len && input[i] == b'.') {
                    i += 1
                } else {
                    return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
                }
            }

            let mut ipv4_piece = None;
            while i < len {
                let digit = match input[i] {
                    c @ b'0'..=b'9' => c - b'0',
                    _ => break,
                };
                match ipv4_piece {
                    None => ipv4_piece = Some(digit as u16),
                    Some(0) => return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address), // No leading zero
                    Some(ref mut v) => {
                        *v = *v * 10 + digit as u16;
                        if *v > 255 {
                            return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
                        }
                    }
                }
                i += 1;
            }

            pieces[piece_pointer] = if let Some(v) = ipv4_piece {
                pieces[piece_pointer] * 0x100 + v
            } else {
                return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
            };
            numbers_seen += 1;

            if numbers_seen == 2 || numbers_seen == 4 {
                piece_pointer += 1;
            }
        }

        if numbers_seen != 4 {
            return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
        }
    }

    if i < len {
        return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
    }

    match compress_pointer {
        Some(compress_pointer) => {
            let mut swaps = piece_pointer - compress_pointer;
            piece_pointer = 7;
            while swaps > 0 {
                pieces.swap(piece_pointer, compress_pointer + swaps - 1);
                swaps -= 1;
                piece_pointer -= 1;
            }
        }
        _ => {
            if piece_pointer != 8 {
                return Err(ParseError::InvalidIpv6Address);
            }
        }
    }
    Ok(Ipv6Addr::new(
        pieces[0], pieces[1], pieces[2], pieces[3], pieces[4], pieces[5], pieces[6], pieces[7],
    ))
}